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Preliminary Investigations Report.

A preliminary investigations report is an initial document that summarizes the findings and progress of an ongoing investigation into an incident. It serves as an interim report, providing an overview of the initial information collected and the steps taken during the early stages of the investigation. Here are some key components typically included in a preliminary investigations report: Introduction: Provide a brief introduction to the report, stating the purpose, scope, and context of the investigation. Incident Summary: Provide a concise summary of the incident, including the date, time, location, and a high-level description of what occurred. Investigation Team: Identify the members of the investigation team or individuals involved in the preliminary investigation. Methodology and Approach: Describe the methods, techniques, and approaches used in the preliminary investigation. This may include witness interviews, documentation review, site visits, data analysis, and any other inve...
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Forgery.

Forgery refers to the act of creating, altering, or imitating a document, signature, or other item with the intent to deceive or defraud others. It is considered a criminal offense in many jurisdictions, including Kenya. In Kenya, forgery is primarily addressed under the Penal Code, Sections 340 to 359. These sections define and establish offenses related to forgery, including the following: Forgery of Documents: Section 340 of the Penal Code criminalizes the forgery of documents, such as legal instruments, contracts, banknotes, stamps, or any other document with legal or financial significance. Making False Documents: Section 347 makes it an offense to make false documents with the intent to use them or cause them to be used as genuine. This includes creating counterfeit documents, altering existing documents, or using false information to create a document. Uttering False Documents: Section 352 addresses the offense of uttering false documents, which refers to the act of using or pre...

The Witness Protection Act-Kenya.

 The Witness Protection Act is a legislation in Kenya that provides for the protection, support, and welfare of witnesses who cooperate with law enforcement agencies and the justice system in criminal proceedings. The Witness Protection Act is based on the Witness Protection Act, No. 16 of 2006, and subsequent amendments. The Witness Protection Act aims to encourage witnesses to come forward and provide crucial testimony in criminal cases, particularly in situations where their safety and well-being may be at risk. It establishes mechanisms and procedures to ensure the security and protection of witnesses and their families. Key provisions of the Witness Protection Act include: Witness Protection Program: The Act establishes a Witness Protection Program, which is responsible for providing protection and support to witnesses, their families, and other persons who may be affected as a result of their cooperation. The program operates under the authority of the Witness Protection Agen...

The Sexual Offences Act.

 The Sexual Offences Act is a legislation in Kenya that addresses various forms of sexual offenses and provides legal frameworks for the prevention, prosecution, and protection related to sexual crimes. It aims to safeguard the rights and well-being of individuals, particularly victims of sexual offenses. The Sexual Offences Act is based on the Sexual Offences Act, No. 3 of 2006, and subsequent amendments. The Sexual Offences Act covers a wide range of offenses and related matters, including but not limited to: Rape and Defilement: The Act defines rape as non-consensual sexual intercourse with an adult without their consent. It also addresses defilement, which involves sexual intercourse with a person under the age of consent. Sexual Assault: The Act addresses different forms of sexual assault, including sexual acts committed without consent, sexual harassment, and sexual exploitation. Child Pornography: The Act prohibits the production, distribution, possession, and viewing of chi...

The Evidence Act-Kenya

 The Evidence Act is a piece of legislation in Kenya that governs the rules and procedures related to the admissibility and presentation of evidence in legal proceedings. It provides guidelines on how evidence is to be collected, presented, and evaluated in both civil and criminal cases. The Evidence Act in Kenya is based on the Evidence Act, Chapter 80 of the Laws of Kenya. It covers a wide range of topics related to evidence, including: Relevance and Admissibility: The Act defines what evidence is relevant and admissible in court. It sets out the criteria for determining whether evidence is admissible or not, such as whether it is directly related to the facts in issue and whether it is legally obtained. Types of Evidence: The Act recognizes various types of evidence that can be presented in court, including oral testimony, documentary evidence, expert opinion, electronic records, and real evidence (physical objects). Burden and Standard of Proof: The Act specifies the burden of ...

The Penal Code.

The Penal Code of Kenya is a legal document that outlines the various criminal offenses and their corresponding penalties in the country. It provides a framework for the criminal justice system in Kenya and serves as a guide for law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, judges, and other legal professionals involved in the administration of justice. The Penal Code is governed by the laws of Kenya and has undergone several revisions over the years to reflect changes in society and legal developments. The most recent version of the Penal Code in Kenya is based on the Penal Code Act, Chapter 63 of the Laws of Kenya. The Penal Code covers a wide range of criminal offenses, including but not limited to offenses against the person (such as murder, assault, and rape), offenses against property (such as theft, burglary, and arson), offenses relating to public order (such as rioting and unlawful assembly), offenses against morality (such as prostitution and pornography), offenses against the state...

Risk Appetite.

Risk appetite refers to the level of risk that an organization is willing to accept or tolerate in pursuit of its objectives. It represents the boundaries within which an organization operates and makes decisions regarding risk-taking. Some of  key aspects of risk appetite include; Risk Tolerance: Risk tolerance is a component of risk appetite and represents the acceptable level of variation or uncertainty that an organization is willing to tolerate in achieving its objectives. It reflects the organization's willingness to withstand potential negative impacts or losses. Risk Preference: Risk preference refers to the organization's inclination or attitude towards risk. It can range from risk-averse (seeking to avoid risks) to risk-neutral (accepting risks as long as potential rewards outweigh potential losses) to risk-seeking (actively pursuing higher-risk opportunities for potentially greater rewards). Organizational Objectives: Risk appetite is closely tied to the organization...